Review of plasma electrolytic oxidation of titanium substrates: Mechanism, properties, applications and limitations

The plasma electrolytic oxidation is an innovative method for the surface treatment of titanium and its alloys. This review provides overview historical development process summarizes current state art. chemical as well electro- plasma-chemical basics layer forming mechanisms, which comprises substrate/electrolyte interface before discharge initiation different types stages phenomena are explained within context titanium-based materials. How these can be influenced by use suitable electrolytes controlled electrical regime described. Subsequently, microstructures composition layers described in detail, properties specific applications then discussed. resistance a PEO coating to corrosive environments, tribological factors, alternating mechanical stress viewed critically, extensive functional such physiological compatibility, photocatalytic activity, decorative revealed. Finally, examples various practical medical engineering, aviation, automotive, environmental technology fields, other branches industry, presented.